Medical image enhancement using threshold decomposition driven adaptive morphological filter

One of the most common degradations in medical images is their poor contrast quality. This suggests the use of contrast enhancement methods as an attempt to modify the intensity distribution of the image. In this paper, a new edge detected morphological filter is proposed to sharpen digital medical images. This is done by detecting the positions of the edges and then applying a class of morphological filtering. Motivated by the success of threshold decomposition, gradientbased operators are used to detect the locations of the edges. A morphological filter is used to sharpen these detected edges. Experimental results demonstrate that the detected edge deblurring filter improved the visibility and perceptibility of various embedded structures in digital medical images. Moreover, the performance of the proposed filter is superior to that of other sharpener-type filters

Coral Growth and Skeletal Density Relationships in Some Branching Corals of the Red Sea, Egypt

The coral reefs at the exposed zones are exhibited to strong wave action, renewable water masses, clear seawater and small temperature variations, however, in the sheltered zones they exposed to high turbidity, high temperature variations and protected from the surge waves and currents. In situ measurements of seasonal and annual growth rates and the branch thicknesses using Varner Caliber and the laboratory measurements of skeletal densities using Archimedes’s Principle were done in four branching coral species growing in the exposed and sheltered zones of Hurghada and Hamrawin at the northern Red Sea. Acropora humilis recorded the highest seasonal and annual growth rates at all zones; 0.68±0.02, 0.76±0.03, 0.66±0.03 and 0.69±0.02mm/month and 7.25±0.20, 7.96±0.33, 7.10±0.11 and 7.34±0.14mm/yr respectively. Pocillopora damicornis recorded the highest averages of skeletal density at the different zones of Hurghada and Hamrawin; 2.04±0.35, 1.64±0.26, 2.64±0.66 and 1.96±0.18gm/cm3 respectively and the highest averages of the branch thicknesses at the exposed and sheltered zones of Hurghada (1.66±0.42cm2, 1.51±0.30cm2) while, A. humilis recorded the highest average of the branch thicknesses at the exposed and sheltered zones of Hamrawin (1.49±0.16cm2, 1.14±0.08cm2). A. humilis was the fastest growing species in the worm season at the exposing and sheltered zones of Hurghada and Hamrawin, while P. damicornis was the slowest growing species because of it tends to form thick and dense branches. The oceanographic and local conditions as; temperature variations, aragonite saturation, turbidity, effects of surge waves and light intensity are responsible about the differences in the skeletal parameters of the studied species. Keywords: Branching corals – Growth rates - Skeletal density – Branch thicknesses – exposed and sheltered zones

Path Planning for a 6 DoF Robotic Arm Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm

The trajectory planning for robotic arms is a significant area of research, given its role in facilitating seamless trajectory execution and enhancing movement efficiency and accuracy. This paper focuses on the development of path planning algorithms for a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom. Specifically, three alternative approaches are explored: polynomial (cubic and quantic), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The comparison of outcomes between different methods revealed that polynomial methods were found to be more straightforward to implement, albeit constrained by the intricacy of the pathway. Upon examining the functioning of the WOA, it has been shown that it is well suited for all types of pathways, regardless of their level of complexity. In addition, when GA is applied, it has been shown less smoothness than WOA but also less complexity. In brief, WOA is deemed superior in the path planning process since it is more thorough in determining the optimal path due to the conical spiral path technique it employs in offering optimized path planning. in comparison to GA, WOA is better in implementation speed and accuracy. However, GA is smoother in start and finish path

Existence and Uniqueness of Abstract Stochastic Fractional-Order Differential Equation

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness about the solution for a class of abstract stochastic fractional-order differential equations                                           where  in and  are given functions, are investigated, where the fractional derivative is described in Caputo sense. The fractional calculus, stochastic analysis techniques and the standard $Picard's$ iteration method are used to obtain the required

A Unique Solution of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations with Non-Local Initial condition

In this paper, we shall discuss the uniqueness ”pathwise uniqueness” of the solutions of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) with non-local initial condition,We shall use the Yamada-Watanabe condition for ”pathwise uniqueness” of the solutions of the stochastic differential equation; this condition is weaker than the usual Lipschitz condition. The proof is based on Bihari’sinequality

Path Planning for a 6 DoF Robotic Arm Based on Whale Optimization Algorithm and Genetic Algorithm

The trajectory planning for robotic arms is a significant area of research, given its role in facilitating seamless trajectory execution and enhancing movement efficiency and accuracy. This paper focuses on the development of path planning algorithms for a robotic arm with six degrees of freedom. Specifically, three alternative approaches are explored: polynomial (cubic and quantic), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The comparison of outcomes between different methods revealed that polynomial methods were found to be more straightforward to implement, albeit constrained by the intricacy of the pathway. Upon examining the functioning of the WOA, it has been shown that it is well suited for all types of pathways, regardless of their level of complexity. In addition, when GA is applied, it has been shown less smoothness than WOA but also less complexity. In brief, WOA is deemed superior in the path planning process since it is more thorough in determining the optimal path due to the conical spiral path technique it employs in offering optimized path planning. in comparison to GA, WOA is better in implementation speed and accuracy. However, GA is smoother in start and finish path

Selective Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorometric Methods for the Determination of Amantadine Hydrochloride in Capsules and Plasma via Derivatization with 1,2-Naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate

New selective and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of amantadine hydrochloride (AMD) in capsules and plasma. The methods were based on the condensation of AMD with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium to form an orange-colored product. The spectrophotometric method involved the measurement of the colored product at 460  nm. The spectrofluorometric method involved the reduction of the product with potassium borohydride, and the subsequent measurement of the formed fluorescent reduced AMD-NQS product at 382  nm after excitation at 293  nm. The variables that affected the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9972–0.9974) and low LOD (1.39 and 0.013 μg mL−1) were obtained in the ranges of 5–80 and 0.05–10  μg mL−1 for the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods, respectively. The precisions of the methods were satisfactory; RSD ≤2.04%. Both methods were successfully applied to the determination of AMD in capsules. As its higher sensitivity, the spectrofluorometric method was applied to the determination of AMD in plasma; the recovery was 96.3–101.2 ± 0.57–4.2%. The results obtained by the proposed methods were comparable with those obtained by the official metho

Prevalence of cesarean section on demand in Assiut Governorate, Egypt

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of CS on demand in Women's health hospital, Assiut University and Abnob Central Hospital in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in Assiut Women Health Hospital and Abnob central hospital from January 2017 to December 2017. The total number of cesarean section done was 180 cases and the number of CS on demand was 64 (35.6%). The demographic data were collected by one of the study investigators. Women were asked about the causes of requesting CS before surgery.Results: The study group was 64 women with age ranging from 18-40 years old, 40 primipara and 24 multipara. Of those 24 women, 21 of them previously delivered vaginally and only 3 women delivered by emergency CS. Twenty- six women had a history of previous abortion. Fear of pain was the main cause for CS on demand in the whole study participants (57.8%). In primipara, the main cause for requesting CS is fear of pain in 62.5% of participants followed by fear on the baby in 45 % of women. On the other hand, in multipara, the main cause for CS on demand was bad history of previous experience (60%) followed by fear of pain in 50% of cases. There was statistical significant difference between both groups in only two causes; fear of pelvic floor injuries (50% in multipara vs. 20% in primipara, p=0.02) and bad history of previous experience (60% in multipara vs. 0% in primipara, p=0.001). Other causes were not statistically different.Conclusions: The incidence of cesarean sections performed on request without medical indications is rising. The reasons for this are not only for perceived medical benefit, but also due to social, cultural, and psychological factors

Formulation, evaluation and optimization of miconazole nitrate tablet prepared by foam granulation technique

The aim of our study was to utilize novel foam granulation technique in formulation of miconazole nitrate; a model hydrophobic drug as oral disintegrating tablets "ODT" particularly to enhance its bioavailability. Foam granulation technique has additional advantages over the other traditional granulation technique since; it enhances the granulation process and produce acceptable tablets. Fractional factorial design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and processing variables on the prepared miconazole ODT. The prepared granules were evaluated by measuring their density, flowability, granules size and shape, and granules wetting time. The quality attributes of the prepared tablets; drug content, tablet thickness, uniformity of weight, tablet tensile strength, friability, disintegration, and dissolution were also evaluated. The results indicated that, the prepared granules showed acceptable characteristics and is significantly affected by the disintegrant type, urea concentration, and the lubricant type. The quality attributes of the tablets were not affected by the processing parameters. From the prepared formulas; F20, F19, F12, and F20 displayed 18, 35, 35, and 40 seconds disintegration time respectively and the percent of dissolution after 15 minutes ranged from 94.4-100%. These results ascertained that foam granulation technique fulfill the requirement in preparation of miconazole ODT. Key words: miconazole nitrate, foam granulation, oral disintegrating tablet